CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS, TACTICAL-FORENSIC PECULIARITIES, AND APPLICATION PROSPECTS OF THE CANADIAN PHASED INTERVIEW MODEL IN CRIMINAL PROSECUTION

Abstract

The research conducted by preparing this article (scientific study) focuses on analyzing international experience regarding interview tactics, specifically the Canadian “Progressive Interviewing Model” (PIM) - also known as the “Phased Interview Model” - which represents a modern approach to obtaining statements during criminal investigations. The article highlights the fundamental principles of this methodology and its phased structure, which delineates successive stages of the interview aimed at achieving distinct tactical objectives: preparation and planning by law enforcement officials, establishing psychological rapport, developing the dialogue, verifying the accounts provided, strategically using evidence, and evaluating the information obtained after the interview concludes. Particular attention is paid to the model’s flexibility, allowing for the adaptation of tactical-forensic procedures to the individual characteristics of the interviewee, the specifics of the investigative situation, and the concrete circumstances of the criminal case. In this context, the study examines the role of investigative communication, the importance of psychological rapport, the use of free narrative, and mechanisms for the objective verification of statements against existing evidence. The research also analyzes the advantages and limitations of applying the Progressive Interviewing Model, highlighting its contributions to reducing the risk of false statements and strengthening the protection of the interviewee’s rights, while also addressing controversial aspects related to the incorporation of procedures specific to accusatorial interviewing techniques. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the Canadian model is conducted in relation to the Reid Technique and the PEACE Interview Model - methods that influenced the design and development of this methodology.